eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transforms (XSLT)

eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transforms (XSLT)
An Introduction

Prof. David Bernstein
James Madison University

Computer Science Department

bernstdh@jmu.edu

A Brief History of XSL

The developers of XSL were interested in creating a method of defining the formatting/presentation of XML documents
The original XSL proposal was submitted to the W3C in August of 1997
In early 1999 it became apparent that it would be better to think of XSL as two distinct components, XSL Transformations (XSLT) and XSL Formatting Objects (XSL-FO)
- XSL-FO is similar in spirit to other types of stylesheets (including CSS and DSSSL)
- XSLT is a language for selecting and processing the nodes in a document

Overview

XSLT is a Data-Driven (as Opposed to Control-Driven) Language:
- A program consists of a set of template rules, each of which describes how a particular element type should be processed
- Rules can appear in any order
Syntax:
- Rules in an XSLT program are described using XML
- All XSL tags are in the xsl namespace

Overview (cont.)

Side-Effects:
- XSLT is free of side-effects
Input:
- Any XML document
Output:
- The most common output is HTML
- XML
- Text

A Simple Example

The Input

xsltexamples/ilovejmu/jmu.xml

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="simple.xsl" ?>
<text>I Love JMU</text>

A Simple Example (cont.)

When the conceptual (as opposed to actual) root element is encountered, we want to build the skeleton of the HTML document.

xsltexamples/ilovejmu/simple.xsl

(Fragment: 0)

<xsl:template match="/">
  <HTML>
    <BODY>
      <xsl:apply-templates />
    </BODY>
  </HTML>
</xsl:template>

A Simple Example (cont.)

When a text (i.e., actual root) element is encountered, we want to insert a P element into the HTML skeleton, and insert the contents of the text element in the P.

xsltexamples/ilovejmu/simple.xsl

(Fragment: 1)

<xsl:template match="text">
  <P>
    <xsl:value-of select="." />
  </P>
</xsl:template>

A Simple Example (cont.)

The Complete Program

xsltexamples/ilovejmu/simple.xsl

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:output method="html" indent="yes"/>

<xsl:template match="/">
  <HTML>
    <BODY>
      <xsl:apply-templates />
    </BODY>
  </HTML>
</xsl:template>



<xsl:template match="text">
  <P>
    <xsl:value-of select="." />
  </P>
</xsl:template>



</xsl:stylesheet>

The xsl:stylesheet Element

Purpose:
- The actual root element of all XSLT programs

For Some Versions of IE:

        <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-xsl"
                           result-ns="html">

In General:

        <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" 
                           version="1.0">

        <xsl:output method="html" indent="yes"/>

The xsl:template Element

Purpose:
- Defines a template (or rule) for producing output

Attributes:

match The pattern that determines which nodes will be processed by this template.

The xsl:apply-templates Element

Purpose:
- Indicates that the processor should search for and apply matching templates

Attributes:

select The pattern that determines which nodes will be processed. If this attribute is omitted, all nodes will be processed.

The xsl:value-of Element

Purpose:
- Returns an XML node

Attributes:

select The pattern that determines which nodes will be processed. If this attribute is omitted, the current node will be returned. If more than one node is matched, only the first will be returned.

An Example

The Input

xsltexamples/bibliography/version1/bibliography.xml

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="reference.xsl" ?>

<bibliography>

<reference>
  <author>
    <firstname>C.E.</firstname>
    <lastname>White</lastname>
  </author>
  <author>
    <firstname>D.</firstname>
    <lastname>Bernstein</lastname>
  </author>
  <author>
    <firstname>A.L.</firstname>
    <lastname>Kornhauser</lastname>
  </author>
  <year>2000</year>
  <title>Some Map-Matching Algorithms for Personal Navigation Assistants</title>
  <journal>
  Transportation Research C
  </journal>
</reference>


<reference>
  <author>
    <firstname>D.</firstname>
    <lastname>Bernstein</lastname>
  </author>
  <author>
    <firstname>I.</firstname>
    <lastname>El Sanhouri</lastname>
  </author>
  <year>1999</year>
  <title>The Roles of Driver Information and Congestion Pricing Systems</title>
  <book>
    Behavioral and Network Impacts of Driver Information Systems
    <editor>
      <firstname>P.</firstname>
      <lastname> Nijkamp</lastname>
    </editor>
    <editor>
      <firstname>R.</firstname>
      <lastname>Emerink</lastname>
    </editor>
    <publisher>John Wiley and Sons</publisher>
    <pages>371-392</pages>
  </book>
</reference>



<reference>
  <author>
    <firstname>J.</firstname>
    <lastname>Padmos</lastname>
  </author>
  <author>
    <firstname>D.</firstname>
    <lastname>Bernstein</lastname>
  </author>
  <year>1997</year>
  <title>Personal Travel Assistants and the World Wide Web</title>
  <journal>
    Transportation Research Record
    <volume>1573</volume>
    <pages>52-56</pages>
  </journal>
</reference>


<reference>
  <author>
    <firstname>R.</firstname>
    <lastname>Guensler</lastname>
  </author>
  <author>
    <firstname>D.</firstname>
    <lastname>Bernstein</lastname>
  </author>
  <year>1996</year>
  <title>Transportation Resources on the Internet</title>
  <journal>
    ITE Journal
    <volume>66</volume>
    <pages>42-47</pages>
  </journal>
</reference>



<reference>
  <author>
    <firstname>I.</firstname>
    <lastname>El Sanhouri</lastname>
  </author>
  <author>
    <firstname>D.</firstname>
    <lastname>Bernstein</lastname>
  </author>
  <year>1994</year>
  <title>Integrating Driver Information Systems with Facility-Based Congestion Pricing</title>
  <journal>
    Transportation Research Record
    <volume> 1450</volume>
    <pages>44-52</pages>
  </journal>
</reference>


<reference>
  <author>
    <firstname>D.</firstname>
    <lastname>Bernstein</lastname>
  </author>
  <author>
    <firstname>A.</firstname>
    <lastname>Kanaan</lastname>
  </author>
  <year>1993</year>
  <title>Automatic Vehicle Identification Technologies and Functionalities</title>
  <journal>
    IVHS Journal
    <volume> 1</volume>
    <pages>191-204</pages>
  </journal>
</reference>

</bibliography>

An Example (cont.)

The Program

xsltexamples/bibliography/version1/reference.xsl

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:output method="html" indent="yes"/>

<!-- reference.xsl v1.0 -->



<!-- root element -->
<xsl:template match="/">
  <xsl:apply-templates />
</xsl:template>




<!-- author -->
<xsl:template match="author">
  <xsl:apply-templates select="firstname"/>
  <xsl:apply-templates select="lastname"/>,
</xsl:template>



<!-- bibliography -->
<xsl:template match="bibliography">
  <xsl:apply-templates />
</xsl:template>




<!-- book -->
<!-- Note the use of the built-in text() function -->
<!-- that prevents the children from being selected -->
<xsl:template match="book">
  <xsl:value-of select="text()" />,
  <xsl:apply-templates select="editor"/>
  <xsl:apply-templates select="publisher"/>
  <xsl:apply-templates select="pages"/>.
</xsl:template>



<!-- editor -->
<xsl:template match="editor">
  <xsl:apply-templates select="firstname"/>
  <xsl:apply-templates select="lastname"/>,
</xsl:template>




<!-- firstname -->
<xsl:template match="firstname">
  <xsl:value-of select="." />
</xsl:template>






<!-- journal -->
<!-- Note the use of the built-in text() function -->
<!-- that prevents the children from being selected -->
<xsl:template match="journal">
  <xsl:value-of select="text()" />,
  <xsl:apply-templates select="volume"/>
  <xsl:apply-templates select="pages"/>.
</xsl:template>




<!-- lastname -->
<xsl:template match="lastname">
  <xsl:value-of select="." />
</xsl:template>





<!-- pages -->
<xsl:template match="pages">
  pp. <xsl:value-of select="." />
</xsl:template>



<!-- publisher -->
<xsl:template match="publisher">
  <xsl:value-of select="." />,
</xsl:template>




<!-- reference -->
<xsl:template match="reference">

    <xsl:apply-templates select="author"/>
    <xsl:apply-templates select="year"/>
    <xsl:apply-templates select="title"/>
    <xsl:apply-templates select="journal"/>
    <xsl:apply-templates select="book"/>

</xsl:template>

    



<!-- title -->
<xsl:template match="title">
  &quot;<xsl:value-of select="." />&quot;,
</xsl:template>





<!-- volume -->
<xsl:template match="volume">
  Vol. <xsl:value-of select="." />,
</xsl:template>




<!-- year -->
<xsl:template match="year">
  (<xsl:value-of select="." />)
</xsl:template>




</xsl:stylesheet>

Path Expressions

Purpose:
- Describe a sequence of "branches" in a document tree (i.e., a way of "finding" a node in the document tree.

Operators:

`/`	The child operator. It selects elements that are children of the specified node. For example, `reference/year` refers to the `year` element that is a child of the `reference` element.
`.`	The current node operator. For example, `./year` refers to the `year` element that is a child of the current element.
`@`	The attribute operator. For example, `train/@number` refers to the `number` attribute of the `train` element.
`*`	The wildcard operator. For example, `timetable/*` refers to all children of the `timetable` element.
`[]`	The index operator (1-based).

Context Functions:
- position() returns the index of the current node (1-based)
- last() returns the index of the last node

Path Expressions: An Example

The Input

xsltexamples/timetable/v1/amtrak.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="timetable.xsl"?>

<timetable title="Boston...Providence...New London...New York"
     subtitle="Through services to Philadelphia...Washington...Newport News">
  <train number="95" normaldays="Mo-Fr" reservations="YES" businessclass="YES">
    <stop>
      <station>Boston, MA-South Station</station>
      <time>6:20AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Boston, MA-Back Bay</station>
      <time>6:25AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Route 128, MA</station>
      <time>7:07AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Providence, RI</station>
      <time>7:31AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Kingston, RI</station>
      <time></time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Westerly, RI</station>
      <time></time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Mystic, CT</station>
      <time></time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>New London, CT</station>
      <time>8:06AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Old Saybrook, CT</station>
      <time></time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>New Haven, CT</station>
      <time status="Ar">9:00AM</time>
      <time status="Dp">9:15AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Bridgeport, CT</station>
      <time></time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Stamford, CT</station>
      <time></time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>New Rochelle, NY</station>
      <time></time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>New York, NY</station>
      <time status="Ar">10:50AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Newark, NJ</station>
      <time>11:26AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Metropark, NJ</station>
      <time>11:40AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Trenton, NJ</station>
      <time>12:04AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Philadelphia, PA</station>
      <time>12:32PM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Wilmington, DE</station>
      <time>12:58PM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Baltimore, MD</station>
      <time>1:49PM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>BWI Airport Rail Sta., MD</station>
      <time>2:02PM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>New Carrollton, MD</station>
      <time>2:17PM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Washington, DC</station>
      <time>2:35PM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Richmond, VA</station>
      <time>5:19PM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Newport News, VA</station>
      <time status="Ar">7:07PM</time>
    </stop>
  </train>




  <train number="191" normaldays="Sa"  reservations="YES" businessclass="YES">
    <stop>
      <station>Boston, MA-South Station</station>
      <time>6:20AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Boston, MA-Back Bay</station>
      <time>6:25AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Route 128, MA</station>
      <time>7:07AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Providence, RI</station>
      <time>7:31AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Kingston, RI</station>
      <time></time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Westerly, RI</station>
      <time></time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Mystic, CT</station>
      <time></time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>New London, CT</station>
      <time>8:06AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Old Saybrook, CT</station>
      <time></time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>New Haven, CT</station>
      <time status="Ar">9:00AM</time>
      <time status="Dp">9:15AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Bridgeport, CT</station>
      <time></time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Stamford, CT</station>
      <time></time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>New Rochelle, NY</station>
      <time></time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>New York, NY</station>
      <time status="Ar">10:50AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Newark, NJ</station>
      <time>11:26AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Metropark, NJ</station>
      <time>11:40AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Trenton, NJ</station>
      <time>12:04AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Philadelphia, PA</station>
      <time>12:32PM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Wilmington, DE</station>
      <time>12:58PM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Baltimore, MD</station>
      <time>1:49PM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>BWI Airport Rail Sta., MD</station>
      <time>2:02PM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>New Carrollton, MD</station>
      <time>2:17PM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Washington, DC</station>
      <time>2:35PM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Richmond, VA</station>
      <time></time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Newport News, VA</station>
      <time></time>
    </stop>
  </train>




  <train number="171" normaldays="Daily" businessclass="YES">
    <stop>
      <station>Boston, MA-South Station</station>
      <time>7:22AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Boston, MA-Back Bay</station>
      <time>7:27AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Route 128, MA</station>
      <time>7:42AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Providence, RI</station>
      <time>8:17AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Kingston, RI</station>
      <time>8:43AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Westerly, RI</station>
      <time>8:59AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Mystic, CT</station>
      <time>9:10AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>New London, CT</station>
      <time>9:25AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Old Saybrook, CT</station>
      <time>9:47AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>New Haven, CT</station>
      <time status="Ar">10:25AM</time>
      <time status="Dp">10:35AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Bridgeport, CT</station>
      <time>10:57AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Stamford, CT</station>
      <time>11:23AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>New Rochelle, NY</station>
      <time>11:43AM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>New York, NY</station>
      <time status="Ar">12:20PM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Newark, NJ</station>
      <time>12:56PM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Metropark, NJ</station>
      <time></time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Trenton, NJ</station>
      <time>1:34PM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Philadelphia, PA</station>
      <time>2:02PM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Wilmington, DE</station>
      <time>2:43PM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Baltimore, MD</station>
      <time>3:42PM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>BWI Airport Rail Sta., MD</station>
      <time>3:55PM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>New Carrollton, MD</station>
      <time>4:10PM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Washington, DC</station>
      <time>4:30PM</time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Richmond, VA</station>
      <time></time>
    </stop>

    <stop>
      <station>Newport News, VA</station>
      <time></time>
    </stop>
  </train>



</timetable>

Path Expressions: An Example (cont.)

The Program

xsltexamples/timetable/v1/timetable.xsl

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:output method="html" indent="yes"/>


  <!-- Root -->
  <xsl:template match="/">
    <HTML>
      <HEAD>
      </HEAD>

      <BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">
        <xsl:apply-templates select="timetable"/>
      </BODY>
    </HTML>
  </xsl:template>



  <!-- Station -->
  <xsl:template match="station">
    <B>
      <xsl:value-of select="text()" />
    </B>
  </xsl:template>



  <!-- Stop -->
  <xsl:template match="stop">
    <TD>
      <xsl:apply-templates select="station" />
    </TD>
  </xsl:template>




  <!-- Time -->
  <xsl:template match="time">
    <TD>
      <xsl:value-of select="text()" />
    </TD>
  </xsl:template>


  <!-- Timetable -->
  <!-- Note the use of the attribute operator -->
  <xsl:template match="timetable">
    <H2>
      <xsl:value-of select="@title"/>
    </H2>
    <H3>
      <xsl:value-of select="@subtitle"/>
    </H3>
    <TABLE>
      <xsl:apply-templates select="train"/>
    </TABLE>
  </xsl:template>




  <!-- Train -->
  <!-- Note the use of the attribute and child operators -->
  <xsl:template match="train">
      <TR>
        <TD><xsl:value-of select="@number" /></TD>
        <TD><xsl:value-of select="@normaldays" /></TD>
        <xsl:apply-templates select="stop/time" />
      </TR>
  </xsl:template>

  <!-- Note the use of the index, attribute, and child operators -->
  <xsl:template match="train[1]">
      <TR>
        <TD><B>Train Number</B></TD>
        <TD><B>Normal Days</B></TD>
        <xsl:apply-templates select="stop" />
      </TR>
      <TR>
        <TD><xsl:value-of select="@number" /></TD>
        <TD><xsl:value-of select="@normaldays" /></TD>
        <xsl:apply-templates select="stop/time" />
      </TR>
  </xsl:template>





</xsl:stylesheet>

Filter Operators

Purpose:
- Allow elements to be selected
Some Selection Criteria:
- The existence of child nodes
- The value of a node
- The existence of an attribute
- The value of an attribute
Syntax:
- [ operator pattern ]
- where operator denotes a filter operator and pattern denotes a filter pattern

Filter Operators (cont.)

`=`	The equal value operator. For example, `time[@status = 'Ar']` refers to a `time` element with a `status` attribute equal to "Ar".
`>`	The greater than value operator.
`<`	The less than value operator.
`>=`	The greater than or equal to value operator.
`<=`	The less than or equal to value operator.
`!=`	The not equal to value operator.

The xsl:if Element

Purpose:
- Conditional processing

Attributes:

test The pattern that determines the value of the test condition.

The xsl:if Element (cont.)

An Example

xsltexamples/bibliography/version2/reference.xsl

(Fragment: 0)

  <xsl:if test="pages">
    ,<xsl:apply-templates select="pages"/>
  </xsl:if>

The xsl:choose Element

Purpose:
- Conditional processing
Contains:
- One or more xsl:when elements
- At most one xsl:otherwise element
Attributes:
- Like xsl:if

The xsl:choose Element (cont.)

An Example

xsltexamples/bibliography/version2/reference.xsl

(Fragment: 1)

<!-- author -->
<!-- v2.0 Fixes first author and last author -->
<xsl:template match="author">
  <xsl:choose>
    <xsl:when test="position()=1">
      <xsl:apply-templates select="lastname"/>,
      <xsl:apply-templates select="firstname"/>
    </xsl:when>
    <xsl:when test="position()=last()">
      and
      <xsl:apply-templates select="firstname"/>
      <xsl:apply-templates select="lastname"/>
    </xsl:when>
    <xsl:otherwise>
      ,
      <xsl:apply-templates select="firstname"/>
      <xsl:apply-templates select="lastname"/>
    </xsl:otherwise>
  </xsl:choose>
</xsl:template>

Default Rules

Continue Processing:
- To allow recursive processing to continue in the absence of a match to an explicit rule there is a default rule that is equivalent to:
- ```
<xsl:template match="*|/">
  <xsl:apply-templates/>
</xsl:template>
	  
```
Copy Through:
- To copy text and attribute nodes there is a default rule that is equivalent to:
- ```
<xsl:template match="text()|@*">
  <xsl:value-of select="."/>
</xsl:template>
	  
```

A Complete Example

The Program

xsltexamples/bibliography/version2/reference.xsl

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:output method="html" indent="yes"/>

<!-- reference.xsl v2.0 -->



<!-- root element -->
<xsl:template match="/">
  <HTML>
    <BODY>
      <xsl:apply-templates />
    </BODY>
  </HTML>
</xsl:template>



<!-- author -->
<!-- v2.0 Fixes first author and last author -->
<xsl:template match="author">
  <xsl:choose>
    <xsl:when test="position()=1">
      <xsl:apply-templates select="lastname"/>,
      <xsl:apply-templates select="firstname"/>
    </xsl:when>
    <xsl:when test="position()=last()">
      and
      <xsl:apply-templates select="firstname"/>
      <xsl:apply-templates select="lastname"/>
    </xsl:when>
    <xsl:otherwise>
      ,
      <xsl:apply-templates select="firstname"/>
      <xsl:apply-templates select="lastname"/>
    </xsl:otherwise>
  </xsl:choose>
</xsl:template>



<!-- bibliography -->
<xsl:template match="bibliography">
  <xsl:apply-templates />
</xsl:template>




<!-- book -->
<!-- Note the use of the built-in text() function -->
<!-- that prevents the children from being selected -->
<xsl:template match="book">
  <EM><xsl:value-of select="text()" /></EM>
  , Edited by
  <xsl:apply-templates select="editor"/>
  <xsl:apply-templates select="publisher"/>
  <xsl:apply-templates select="pages"/>.
</xsl:template>



<!-- editor -->
<!-- v2.0 Fixes first editor and last editor -->
<xsl:template match="editor">
  <xsl:choose>
    <xsl:when test="position()=1">
      <xsl:apply-templates select="firstname"/>
      <xsl:apply-templates select="lastname"/>
    </xsl:when>
    <xsl:when test="position()=last()">
      and
      <xsl:apply-templates select="firstname"/>
      <xsl:apply-templates select="lastname"/>
    </xsl:when>
    <xsl:otherwise>
      ,
      <xsl:apply-templates select="firstname"/>
      <xsl:apply-templates select="lastname"/>
    </xsl:otherwise>
  </xsl:choose>
</xsl:template>




<!-- firstname -->
<xsl:template match="firstname">
  <xsl:value-of select="." />
</xsl:template>






<!-- journal -->
<!-- Note the use of the built-in text() function -->
<!-- that prevents the children from being selected -->
<!-- -->
<!-- v2.0 fixed problem with missing elements -->
<xsl:template match="journal">
  <EM><xsl:value-of select="text()" /></EM>
  <xsl:if test="volume">
    ,<xsl:apply-templates select="volume"/>
  </xsl:if>
  <xsl:if test="pages">
    ,<xsl:apply-templates select="pages"/>
  </xsl:if>
  .
</xsl:template>




<!-- lastname -->
<xsl:template match="lastname">
  <xsl:value-of select="." />
</xsl:template>





<!-- pages -->
<xsl:template match="pages">
  pp. <xsl:value-of select="." />
</xsl:template>



<!-- publisher -->
<xsl:template match="publisher">
  <xsl:value-of select="." />,
</xsl:template>




<!-- reference -->
<xsl:template match="reference">
  <P>
    <xsl:apply-templates select="author"/>
    <xsl:apply-templates select="year"/>
    <xsl:apply-templates select="title"/>
    <xsl:apply-templates select="journal"/>
    <xsl:apply-templates select="book"/>
  </P>
</xsl:template>

    



<!-- title -->
<xsl:template match="title">
  &quot;<xsl:value-of select="." />&quot;,
</xsl:template>





<!-- volume -->
<xsl:template match="volume">
  Vol. <xsl:value-of select="." />
</xsl:template>




<!-- year -->
<xsl:template match="year">
  (<xsl:value-of select="." />)
</xsl:template>




</xsl:stylesheet>

The Timetable Example with CSS Formatting

For Those Who Are Interested

xsltexamples/timetable/v2/timetable.xsl

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:output method="html" indent="yes"/>


  <!-- Root -->

  <xsl:template match="/">
    <HTML>
      <HEAD>
      <STYLE>

        SPAN.title   {font-family: Arial; font-size: 18pt;
                          font-style: bold}

        SPAN.subtitle {font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: bold; 
                       border-bottom-style: solid; border-width:4px;}


        SPAN.trainnumber {font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;
                          font-style: bold}

        TABLE    {font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;}

        TABLE.inline {display:inline;}

        TD.head  {border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 2px;}

        TR       {height: 14pt;}
        TR.trainnumber {height: 14pt;}

        .orange  {background-color: orange;}

      </STYLE>
      </HEAD>

      <BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">
        <xsl:apply-templates />
      </BODY>
    </HTML>
  </xsl:template>



  <!-- Station -->

  <xsl:template match="station">
    <B>
      <xsl:apply-templates />&#160;
    </B>
  </xsl:template>





  <!-- Stop -->

  <xsl:template match="stop">
    <xsl:param name="position"/>
    <TR>
      <xsl:if test="$position=2">
      <TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">
        <xsl:apply-templates select="station"/>
      </TD>
      </xsl:if>
      <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP">
        <xsl:apply-templates select="time"/>
      </TD>
    </TR>
  </xsl:template>




  <!-- Text  -->

  <xsl:template match="text()">
    <xsl:value-of select="." />
  </xsl:template>



  <!-- Time -->

  <xsl:template match="time">
    <xsl:apply-templates />&#160;<BR />
  </xsl:template>



  <!-- Timetable -->

  <xsl:template match="timetable">
    <SPAN CLASS="title">
      <xsl:value-of select="./@title"/>
    </SPAN>
    <BR />
    <SPAN CLASS="subtitle">
      <xsl:value-of select="./@subtitle"/>
    </SPAN>
    <BR />
    <xsl:apply-templates />
  </xsl:template>




  <!-- Train -->

  <xsl:template match="train">
    <TABLE CLASS="inline"  CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0">
      <xsl:if test="position()=2">
        <COLGROUP>
        </COLGROUP>
      </xsl:if>
      <COLGROUP>
        <xsl:if test="@reservations">
          <xsl:attribute name="CLASS">orange</xsl:attribute>
        </xsl:if>
      </COLGROUP>

      <TR CLASS="trainnumber">
        <xsl:if test="position()=2">
          <TD CLASS="head" ALIGN="LEFT">
            <B>Train Number</B>
          </TD>
        </xsl:if>
        <TD CLASS="head" ALIGN="CENTER">
          <SPAN CLASS="trainnumber">
            <xsl:value-of select="./@number" />
          </SPAN>
        </TD>
      </TR>

      <TR>
        <xsl:if test="position()=2">
          <TD CLASS="head" ALIGN="LEFT">
            <B>Normal Days of Operation</B>
          </TD>
        </xsl:if>
        <TD CLASS="head" ALIGN="CENTER">
          <xsl:value-of select="./@normaldays" />
        </TD>
      </TR>

      <TR>
        <xsl:if test="position()=2">
          <TD CLASS="head" ALIGN="LEFT">
            <B>&#160;&#160;&#160;Will Also Operate</B>
          </TD>
        </xsl:if>
        <TD CLASS="head" ALIGN="CENTER">
          <xsl:value-of select="./@willalsooperate" />&#160;
        </TD>
      </TR>

      <TR>
        <xsl:if test="position()=2">
          <TD CLASS="head" ALIGN="LEFT">
            <B>&#160;&#160;&#160;Will Not Operate</B>
          </TD>
        </xsl:if>
        <TD CLASS="head" ALIGN="CENTER">
          <xsl:value-of select="./@willnotoperate" />&#160;
        </TD>
      </TR>

      <TR>
        <xsl:if test="position()=2">
          <TD CLASS="head" ALIGN="LEFT">
            <B>On Board Service</B>
          </TD>
        </xsl:if>
        <TD CLASS="head" ALIGN="CENTER">
          <xsl:if test="@businessclass">
            <IMG SRC="businessclass.gif" />
          </xsl:if>
          <xsl:if test="@reservations">
            <IMG SRC="reservations.gif" />
          </xsl:if>
          <xsl:if test="@sleepingcar">
            <IMG SRC="sleepingcar.gif" />
          </xsl:if>
        </TD>
      </TR>


      <xsl:apply-templates select="stop">
        <xsl:with-param name="position">
          <xsl:value-of select="position()"/>
        </xsl:with-param>
      </xsl:apply-templates>
    </TABLE>
  </xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>