Connected Vehicle Networks
An Introduction
Prof. David Bernstein
James Madison University
Computer Science Department
bernstdh@jmu.edu
Overview
Variants:
Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V)
Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I)
Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P)
Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)
Performance Issues:
Latency
Reliability
Data Rate
Range
Security Issues
Categories of Loss/Harm:
Privacy/Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Categories of Threats:
Spoofing (i.e., impersonation)
Tampering (i.e., improper modification)
Repudiation (i.e., denial of past behavior)
Disclosure
Denial of Service
Communication Technologies
Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC):
IEEE 802.11p in the 5.9GHz band
6-27Mbits/sec over 1000m with a latency less than 5ms
Part of the Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) System
Cellular V2X (C-V2X):
4G LTE
Low-latency mode using PC5
Higher-latency mode using Uu
Communication Technologies (cont.)
Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC):
In November of 2020 (just after this lecture was presenetd for the first time) the FCC eliminated the part of the spectrum that had been set aside
Half of the specturum was allocated for Wi-Fi
Cellular V2X (C-V2X):
The other half of the DSRC spectrum was allocated for C-V2X
V2V - Potentially Useful Information
About the Vehicle:
Location and Direction/Route
Speed and Acceleration
Stability/Traction Control State
Windshield Wiper State
Defroster State
Headlight State
About the Driver:
Attentiveness
Actions
V2V - Applications
V2V - Applications (cont.)
V2V - Applications (cont.)
V2V - Applications (cont.)
V2V - Applications (cont.)
V2V - Applications (cont.)
V2V - Applications (cont.)
V2V - Applications (cont.)
V2V - Latency Requirements
Low-Latency Required:
Emergency Braking Assistance, Blind Intersection/Curve Assistance (i.e., Vehicle Ahead Warning), Forward Collision Assistance, Intersection Movement Assistance, Lane Change Assistance, Do Not Pass Assistance (i.e., Oncoming Vehicle Warning)
High-Latency Acceptable:
Traffic Warning, Roadside Service Finder
V2I - Potentially Useful Information
From the Infrastructure:
Traffic signal state (including preemption for emergency vehicles)
Signage (e.g., stop signs, no left turn signs, exit information)
Road and air temperature
To the Infrastructure:
Payments
V2V information for broader distribution
V2I - Applications
V2I - Applications (cont.)
V2I - Applications (cont.)
V2I - Applications (cont.)
V2P - Potentially Useful Information
Safety Related:
Location of pedestrian (to the vehicle)
Mobility Related:
Real-time transit/rideshare information
V2P - Applications
V2P - Applications (cont.)
There's Always More to Learn