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Connected Vehicle Networks
An Introduction


Prof. David Bernstein
James Madison University

Computer Science Department
bernstdh@jmu.edu

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Overview
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  • Variants:
    • Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V)
    • Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I)
    • Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P)
    • Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)
  • Performance Issues:
    • Latency
    • Reliability
    • Data Rate
    • Range
Security Issues
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  • Categories of Loss/Harm:
    • Privacy/Confidentiality
    • Integrity
    • Availability
  • Categories of Threats:
    • Spoofing (i.e., impersonation)
    • Tampering (i.e., improper modification)
    • Repudiation (i.e., denial of past behavior)
    • Disclosure
    • Denial of Service
Communication Technologies
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  • Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC):
    • IEEE 802.11p in the 5.9GHz band
    • 6-27Mbits/sec over 1000m with a latency less than 5ms
    • Part of the Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) System
  • Cellular V2X (C-V2X):
    • 4G LTE
    • Low-latency mode using PC5
    • Higher-latency mode using Uu
Communication Technologies (cont.)
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  • Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC):
    • In November of 2020 (just after this lecture was presenetd for the first time) the FCC eliminated the part of the spectrum that had been set aside
    • Half of the specturum was allocated for Wi-Fi
  • Cellular V2X (C-V2X):
    • The other half of the DSRC spectrum was allocated for C-V2X
V2V - Potentially Useful Information
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  • About the Vehicle:
    • Location and Direction/Route
    • Speed and Acceleration
    • Stability/Traction Control State
    • Windshield Wiper State
    • Defroster State
    • Headlight State
  • About the Driver:
    • Attentiveness
    • Actions
V2V - Applications
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images/USDOT_2014_Infographs/V2V/V2V_DoNotPassWarning-01.png
V2V - Applications (cont.)
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images/USDOT_2014_Infographs/V2V/V2V_EmergencyElectricBrakeWarning-01.png
V2V - Applications (cont.)
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images/USDOT_2014_Infographs/V2V/V2V_ForwardCollisionWarning-01.png
V2V - Applications (cont.)
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images/USDOT_2014_Infographs/V2V/V2V_IntersectionMovementAssistance-01.png
V2V - Applications (cont.)
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images/USDOT_2014_Infographs/V2V/V2V_LaneChangeBlindSpotWarning-01.png
V2V - Applications (cont.)
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images/USDOT_2014_Infographs/V2V/V2V_LeftTurnAccrossPath-01.png
V2V - Applications (cont.)
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images/USDOT_2014_Infographs/V2V/V2V_VehicleTurningRightInFrontBus-01.png
V2V - Applications (cont.)
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images/USDOT_2014_Infographs/V2I/V2I_StopGapAssistance-01.png
V2V - Latency Requirements
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  • Low-Latency Required:
    • Emergency Braking Assistance, Blind Intersection/Curve Assistance (i.e., Vehicle Ahead Warning), Forward Collision Assistance, Intersection Movement Assistance, Lane Change Assistance, Do Not Pass Assistance (i.e., Oncoming Vehicle Warning)
  • High-Latency Acceptable:
    • Traffic Warning, Roadside Service Finder
V2I - Potentially Useful Information
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  • From the Infrastructure:
    • Traffic signal state (including preemption for emergency vehicles)
    • Signage (e.g., stop signs, no left turn signs, exit information)
    • Road and air temperature
  • To the Infrastructure:
    • Payments
    • V2V information for broader distribution
V2I - Applications
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images/USDOT_2014_Infographs/V2I/V2I_CurveSpeedWarning-01.png
V2I - Applications (cont.)
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images/USDOT_2014_Infographs/V2I/V2I_RedLightViolationWarning-01.png
V2I - Applications (cont.)
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images/USDOT_2014_Infographs/V2I/V2I_WorkZoneWarning-01.png
V2I - Applications (cont.)
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images/USDOT_2014_Infographs/Weather/WEATHER_MotoristAdvisoriesAndWarnings-01.png
V2P - Potentially Useful Information
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  • Safety Related:
    • Location of pedestrian (to the vehicle)
  • Mobility Related:
    • Real-time transit/rideshare information
V2P - Applications
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images/USDOT_2014_Infographs/PedestrianSafety/CV_PedCrossing_090413.png
V2P - Applications (cont.)
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images/USDOT_2014_Infographs/V2I/V2I_DynamicRidesharing-01.png
There's Always More to Learn
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