Review - Brenton Kohler

-Historical information
	-PASCAL 
		-language is name after a mathematician. 
		-Pascal by Nicklaus Wirth created a sa teaching language.
		-Early compilers translated it to P-code
	-FORTRAN 
		-was intended to perform mathematical functions
		-It was created by a team led by John Backus at IBM.
		-Was designed to create assembly language code for you.
	-GOTO statements considered harmful and made languages hard to understand. There was a letter that 
		was written to the communications of the ACM that generated a lot of controversy.
	-We started out with machine language
	-moved to high-level language

-why we study programming languages
	-increased capacity to express ideas
	-improved background to choose apporpriate languages
	-increased ability to learn new langauges
	-better understanding of the signifance of implementation
	-overall advancement of computing

-application domains
	-scientfic applications	
	-business applications
	-artificial intelligence
	-systems programming
	-web software

-language evaluation criteria
	-readability
		-overall simplicity
		-orthogonality
		-control statements
	-writability
		-simplicity and orthogonality
		-support for abstraction
		-expressivity
	-reliability
		-type checking
		-exception handling
		-aliasing
	-cost
	
-language translation methods
	-compilation- high level languages getting translated into machine language which can be executed directly on the computer.
	-interpretation- a programs are executed by another program called an interpreter-acts as a software simulation of a machine whose 
		fetch-execute cycle deals with high level language rather than machine language.
	-hybrid implementation systems-high level instructions are translated to an intermediate language which is then easily interpreted
	-preprocessor-a program that processes a program immediately before the program is compiled. 

-language paradigms
	-object-oriented
	-procedural
	-functional
	-logic
	-event-based

-basic statements
	-control statements
	-assignment statements
	-mathematical statements

-ways of describing language
	-backus-naur form
		-a form for describing the syntax features of a language.

-special words
	-while
	-class
	-for
	-if
	-words which are reserved for special purposes only

-data types
	-records
	-integers
	-floats
	-doubles
	-boolean

-built-in functions
	-logical operators
	-mathematical operators
	-mathematical operations
	-input/output
	-string concatanators
	-comparators

-subprogram types
	-functions
		-returns a single value
	-procedures
		-can return multiple values or none at all - returns value through parameter list

-parameter passing modes
	-by reference
	-by value

-languages
	-fortran
	-c
	-c++
	-java
		-javascript
	-pascal
	-ada
	-visual basic
	-c#
	-alice
	-ruby
	-perl