LISP SYNTAX SUMMARY
Parag Patel
Laura Warrener
Scott Doucett
Mike Rodosti
Chirag Patel
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Declaration DECLARATION |
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Syntax: |
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(declaration name*) |
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Function: YES-OR-NO-P (&optional (format-string nil) &rest args) |
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Package:LISP |
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Asks the user a question
whose answer is either 'YES' or 'NO'. If FORMAT- STRING is non-NIL, then
FRESH-LINE operation is performed, a message is printed as if FORMAT-STRING
and ARGs were given to FORMAT, and then a prompt "(Yes or No)" is
printed. Otherwise, no prompt will appear |
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Function: EQ (x y) |
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Package:LISP Returns T if X and Y are the
same identical object; NIL otherwise. |
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Function: EQUALP (x y) |
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Package:LISP |
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Returns T if X and Y are
EQUAL, if they are characters and satisfy CHAR-EQUAL, if they are numbers and
have the same numerical value, or if they have components that are all
EQUALP. Returns NIL otherwise. |
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Function: EQUAL (x y) |
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Package:LISP |
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Returns T if X and Y are EQL
or if they are of the same type and corresponding components are EQUAL.
Returns NIL otherwise. Strings and bit-vectors are EQUAL if they are the same
length and have identical components. Other arrays must be EQ to be EQUAL. |
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Special Form: |
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Package:LISP |
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Syntax: |
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(loop {form}*) |
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Executes FORMs repeatedly
until exited by a THROW or RETURN. The FORMs are surrounded by an implicit
NIL block. |
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Data
Types |
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------------------ |
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Numbers: integers and floats, ie. 1, 2, 2.72,
3.14 |
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Strings: any test enclosed in quotes, ie.
"abc", "1", "hello world" |
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Characters: a,b,...,z,A,B,...,Z,0,1,...,9,_,-,+,* |
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Symbols: any sequence of characters, symbols
are case insensitive |
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`;'
Comment character, everything from the ';' to the end of line is
ignored |
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FUNCTIONS |
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Function calls are special lists. |
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The Function name is either a symbol | + | - |
* |
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The first item in the function list is the
function name, followed by it's arguments |
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For example, the function to a add 3 numbers
is: (+ 1 2 3) |
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Function declarations are in the form: |
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(DEFUN name (argument_list) expression) |
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The function returns the last expression in
the expression list. |
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example functions: |
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(DEFUN sqr (x) (* x x)) ;
will return the result of the call to '*' |
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(DEFUN myfunction (x) y) ;
will return the value of 'y' |
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COMMON
FUNCTIONS |
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Common Boolean functions returning either T
for true or NIL for false. |
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(ODDP x) ;
Returns T if x is an odd number |
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(EVENP x) ;
Returns T if x is an even number |
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(< x y) ;
Returns T if x is less than y |
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(= x y) ;
Returns T if x is equal to y |
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(OR x y) ;
Returns T if x or y is true |
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(AND x y) ;
Returns T if x and y are true |
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(NOT x) ;
Returns T if x is not true |
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CONDITIONALS |
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(if test_expression true_expression
false_expression) |
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VARIABLES |
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(setq x 1) ;
Stores the decimal value 1 into a symbol named "x" |
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(setq x (+ y z)) ; Stores the result of the add function into "x" |
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;; QUOTE forces the symbol name to be used
instead of it's storage |
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(quote my_variable) |
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'my_variable ;
Shorthand version |
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LISTS
(setq my_list (LIST 1 2 3 4)) ; build a new list containing 1 thru 4 |
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(FIRST my_list) ; Returns the first element in
the list ie. '1' |
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(SECOND my_list) ; Returns the second element in the list ie. '2' |
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(REST my_list) ;
Returns all but the first ie. '2 3 4' |
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(EQUAL my_list list2) ; Boolean compare of 2 lists |
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(EQ my_list list2) ; shorthand of EQUAL |
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Primitive
functions |
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CAAR
First element of the first element |
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CADR
Second element |
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CDAR
Rest of the element |
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CDDR
Rest after the second element |
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CADDR
Third element |
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CDDDR
Rest after the third element |
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CADDDR
Fourth element |
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CDDDDR
Rest after the fourth element |