Lecture 6 – January 27, 2005

Lab information

see methods of Scanner class on page 90

myFileScanner = new Scanner (new File ( “input.txt”)); // simple filename

myFileScanner = new Scanner (new File (“C:\Temp\input.txt”)); // doesn’t work

myFileScanner = new Scanner (new File (“C:\\Temp\\input.txt”)); // works

\ is an escape character when reading a character at a time which is what

happens here.

Mike F suggests using the forward slash instead of the back slash and it worked and didn’t need to be doubled.

Robert said that to avoid the compile error message “myFileScanner may not have been initialized” he just said myFileScanner = new Scanner (“dummyFile”); and it worked. This fooled the compiler but may not work at runtime

Two additional things to think about

· Which loop to use : do … while or while

· Should the for loop be in the try/catch block or should the ttry/catch block be in the for loop?

Quiz – had errors

how graded

give them template to correct Quiz2b.java

raises questions about data types

String

arrays

Arrays

• An array is an object which contains 0 or more variables
• If it contains 0 variables, it is empty
• Array variables don’t have names.
• They are indexed by non-negative index values.
• Index values go from 0 to n-1 where n is the number of elements in the array.
• Array components are homogeneous
• i.e. an array of floats contains floats
• an array of ints contains ints
• an array of chars contains chars
• typical array declarations – which do NOT create array objects
• int [ ] number
• short [ ] smallNumber
• char [ ] character
• array initializer
• is written as a comma-separated list of expressions enclosed by braces { }
• the length of the array will equal the number of expressions
• array declarations which DO create array objects using array initializers
• int [ ] factorial = {1,1,2,6,24,120, 720, 5040 };
• char [ ] letters = { ‘n’, ‘o’,’t’,’ ‘,’a’,’ ‘,’S’,’t’,’r’,’i’,’n’,’g’};
• String [ ] words = { “array”, “of”, “String”};
• array’s length is available through a final instance variable length
• factorial.length
• letters.length
• words.length
• array component access
• use array reference followed by an indexing expression enclosed in [ ]
• all arrays start indexing at 0
• arrays are indexed by int values
• see: Java conversion techniques (p. 87)
• assignment conversion
• promotion
• casting
• array accesses are checked at runtime
• attempted use of index less than 0 or greater than the length of the arrray causes an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException to be thrown.
• useful information about arrays can be found at
• http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/second_edition/html/jTOC.doc.html

• An Array of characters is NOT a String
• neither String nor an array of char is terminated by the nul character (as it is in C)
• a String object is immutable (its contents don’t change)
• an array of char has mutable components
• the method toCharArray in class String returns an array of characters containing the same character sequence as String
• Some methods of the String class
• see page 119 of our text
• let’s discuss StringMutation.java (p. 121)

Review primitive types

Enumerated types

• establish all possible values of a variable of that type by listing or enumerating them
• values are identifiers
• this means they follow the rules for identifiers
• enum Fruit { apple, berry , cherry, date};
• have some useful methods
• name
• ordinal
• first ordinal value is 0
• can’t assign a numeric value to an enumerated type – why?
• Let’s look at IceCream.java (p. 137)

Iterators

• “An iterator is an object that has methods that allow you to process a collection of items one at a time”
• Every iterator object has a method called hasNext which returns a boolean value indicating whether there is at least one more item to process.
• What classes have we seen that define iterator objects?
• Scanner
• Random